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      • Using Databases

      Diesel

      use diesel::prelude::*;
use diesel::r2d2::{ConnectionManager, Pool, PoolError, PooledConnection};
use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
use salvo::prelude::*;

const DB_URL: &str = "postgres://benchmarkdbuser:benchmarkdbpass@tfb-database/hello_world";
type PgPool = Pool<ConnectionManager<PgConnection>>;

static DB_POOL: OnceCell<PgPool> = OnceCell::new();

fn connect() -> Result<PooledConnection<ConnectionManager<PgConnection>>, PoolError> {
    DB_POOL.get().unwrap().get()
}
fn build_pool(database_url: &str, size: u32) -> Result<PgPool, PoolError> {
    let manager = ConnectionManager::<PgConnection>::new(database_url);
    diesel::r2d2::Pool::builder()
        .max_size(size)
        .min_idle(Some(size))
        .test_on_check_out(false)
        .idle_timeout(None)
        .max_lifetime(None)
        .build(manager)
}

fn main() {
    DB_POOL
        .set(build_pool(&DB_URL, 10).expect(&format!("Error connecting to {}", &DB_URL)))
        .ok();
}

#[handler]
async fn show_article(req: &mut Request, res: &mut Response) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let id: i64 = req.param::<i64>("id").unwrap_or_default();
    let conn = connect()?;
    let article = articles::table.find(id).first::<Article>(&conn)?;
    res.render(Json(row));
    Ok(())
}

      Sqlx

      main.rs
      Cargo.toml
      use std::sync::OnceLock;

use salvo::prelude::*;
use serde::Serialize;
use sqlx::{FromRow, PgPool};

// Global PostgreSQL connection pool instance
static POSTGRES: OnceLock<PgPool> = OnceLock::new();

// Helper function to get the PostgreSQL connection pool
#[inline]
pub fn get_postgres() -> &'static PgPool {
    POSTGRES.get().unwrap()
}

// User model representing the database table structure
// Implements FromRow for SQL query results and Serialize for JSON responses
#[derive(FromRow, Serialize, Debug)]
pub struct User {
    pub id: i64,
    pub username: String,
    pub password: String,
}

// Handler for retrieving a user by ID from the database
#[handler]
pub async fn get_user(req: &mut Request, res: &mut Response) {
    // Extract user ID from query parameters
    let uid = req.query::<i64>("uid").unwrap();
    // Execute SQL query to fetch user by ID
    let data = sqlx::query_as::<_, User>("select * from users where id = $1")
        .bind(uid)
        .fetch_one(get_postgres())
        .await
        .unwrap();
    // Return user data as JSON response
    res.render(serde_json::to_string(&data).unwrap());
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // Initialize logging system
    tracing_subscriber::fmt().init();

    // Configure PostgreSQL connection
    let postgres_uri = "postgres://postgres:password@localhost/test";
    // Create and initialize connection pool
    let pool = PgPool::connect(postgres_uri).await.unwrap();
    // Store pool in global state
    POSTGRES.set(pool).unwrap();

    // Configure router with user endpoint:
    // - GET /users?uid={id} : Get user by ID
    let router = Router::with_path("users").get(get_user);

    // Start server on port 8698
    let acceptor = TcpListener::new("0.0.0.0:8698").bind().await;
    Server::new(acceptor).serve(router).await;
}

      rbatis

      main.rs
      Cargo.toml
      #[macro_use]
extern crate rbatis;
extern crate rbdc;

use std::sync::LazyLock;

use rbatis::RBatis;
use rbdc_mysql::driver::MysqlDriver;
use salvo::prelude::*;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

// Global RBatis instance for database operations
pub static RB: LazyLock<RBatis> = LazyLock::new(RBatis::new);

// User model representing the database table structure
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct User {
    pub id: i64,
    pub username: String,
    pub password: String,
}

// Implement select query for User model
// Generates SQL: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = #{id} LIMIT 1
impl_select!(User{select_by_id(id:String) -> Option => "`where id = #{id} limit 1`"});

// Handler for retrieving a user by ID from the database
#[handler]
pub async fn get_user(req: &mut Request, res: &mut Response) {
    // Extract user ID from query parameters
    let uid = req.query::<i64>("uid").unwrap();
    // Execute select query and get user data
    let data = User::select_by_id(&*RB, uid.to_string()).await.unwrap();
    println!("{data:?}");
    // Return user data as JSON response
    res.render(serde_json::to_string(&data).unwrap());
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // Initialize logging system
    tracing_subscriber::fmt().init();

    // Configure MySQL connection
    let mysql_uri = "mysql://root:123456@localhost/test";
    // Initialize RBatis with MySQL driver and connection URI
    RB.init(MysqlDriver {}, mysql_uri).unwrap();

    // Configure router with user endpoint:
    // - GET /users?uid={id} : Get user by ID
    let router = Router::with_path("users").get(get_user);

    // Start server on port 8698
    let acceptor = TcpListener::new("0.0.0.0:8698").bind().await;
    Server::new(acceptor).serve(router).await;
}

      SeaORM

      SeaORM is an asynchronous, dynamic ORM that provides robust relational database support, including entity relationships, a migration system, and a comprehensive type-safe query builder. It is well-suited for medium to large-scale projects requiring a full-featured ORM.

      Tokio ORM (Toasty)

      Toasty is an ORM developed by the Tokio team, currently under active development. It focuses on providing a tightly integrated ORM solution for the Tokio ecosystem. It may be suitable for projects that rely on Tokio and are open to adopting emerging technologies.

      SurrealDB Rust SDK

      The SurrealDB Rust SDK provides connectivity to this multi-model database, making it suitable for applications that need to handle graph data, document data, and relational data. It is an excellent choice for projects requiring flexible data models.